Ravens are among the smartest of all birds, demonstrating intelligence that rivals primates. One impressive aspect of their intelligence is their ability to use tools. Researchers have observed ravens using sticks to extract insects from tight spaces. Their brain-to-body size ratio is comparable to chimpanzees and dolphins, making them one of the most intelligent bird species. This cognitive ability allows them to solve complex problems, which is rare among birds.

Another fascinating fact about ravens is their sophisticated communication skills. They can mimic a variety of sounds, including human speech. Ravens have distinct calls to indicate different types of threats. For instance, their calls vary when warning about a predator, depending on whether the threat comes from the air or the ground. This ability to vary calls demonstrates a high level of understanding and communication complexity, which is uncommon in the animal kingdom.

Ravens are also known for their remarkable memory. They can remember the faces of individual humans and other ravens for years. Studies show that ravens remember people who have previously been kind or mean to them, altering their behavior based on these memories. This remarkable memory aids in their survival, as they can avoid threats and seek beneficial relationships.

In the wild, ravens have been observed engaging in playful activities, akin to aerial acrobatics. They often perform rolls and somersaults in the air. These activities are not just for fun; they also serve as a way to demonstrate their fitness and agility to potential mates. Such playful behavior is a testament to their complex social structures and cognitive abilities.

Ravens have a unique ability to plan for the future, a trait once thought to be uniquely human. They can store food in various locations and remember these hiding spots for a considerable time. This forward-thinking behavior is a sign of advanced cognitive skills. They also demonstrate an understanding of cause and effect by avoiding caches that other ravens have seen them make, knowing these might be stolen.

Another intriguing aspect is their social intelligence. Ravens can form complex social networks and alliances, often teaming up to find food or defend against larger predators. They engage in activities like 'anting,' where they roll in ant nests to allow ants to crawl on them. This behavior is thought to help rid them of parasites and is an example of their ability to use their environment to their advantage.

Ravens have a long lifespan compared to other birds. In the wild, they can live up to 15 years, but in captivity, they can live over 40 years. This long lifespan contributes to their complex social structures and the development of their intelligence. It also allows them to form lasting bonds with their mates, as ravens typically pair for life.

Their nesting habits are also unique. Ravens are known to use the same nest for several years, often refurbishing and adding new materials each year. These nests can become quite large, some measuring over a meter in diameter and deep. This consistency in nesting behavior indicates a strong territorial sense and a high level of commitment to their chosen nesting sites and partners.

Ravens are culturally significant in many societies, often symbolizing wisdom or prophecy. In Norse mythology, Odin, the god of wisdom and war, had two ravens, Huginn and Muninn, representing thought and memory. These birds would fly around the world and bring information back to Odin. This mythological representation underscores the historical recognition of the raven's intelligence and the mystery surrounding these birds.

Ravens are known for their complex problem-solving abilities. They have been observed using bait to catch fish and breaking nuts by dropping them on hard surfaces from great heights. These behaviors demonstrate not only intelligence but also an ability to adapt to different environments and situations, showcasing their remarkable survival skills.